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  • 题目
  • 方案一:
  • 思路
  • 解答
  • Complexity Analysis:
  • 方案二:
  • 思路
  • 解答
  • Complexity Analysis:
  • 方案三:
  • 思路
  • 解答
  • Complexity Analysis
  • Reference

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  1. Linear

Leetcode 189. Rotate Array

题目

Given an array, rotate the array to the right by k steps, where k is non-negative.

Example 1:

Input: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7] and k = 3
Output: [5, 6, 7, 1, 2, 3, 4]
Explanation:
rotate 1 step to the right: [7, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
rotate 2 steps to the right: [6,7,1,2,3,4,5]
rotate 3 steps to the right: [5,6,7,1,2,3,4]

Example 2:

Input: [-1,-100,3,99] and k = 2
Output: [3,99,-1,-100]
Explanation: 
rotate 1 steps to the right: [99,-1,-100,3]
rotate 2 steps to the right: [3,99,-1,-100]

Note:

  • Try to come up as many solutions as you can

  • Could you do it in-place with O(1) extra space

方案一:

思路

这道题有很多种不同的解法。最直接的一种为创建一个新的空数组,然后对于原来数组中每个数,计算出其旋转 之后的新index,并按照新的index将数放入新的数组中。不过,这样需要用额外O(n)的空间来储存新的数组, 因为如果我们直接将数放入原有数组中新的index,那么该位置的原有的元素则会丢失,造成错误。

解答

public class Solution {
    public void rotate(int[] nums, int k) {
        int[] rotated = new int[nums.length];
        for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
            rotated[(i + k) % nums.length] = nums[i]; // compute new index
        }

        // place rotated result back to nums
        for (int i = 0; i < nums.lenght; i++) {
            nums[i] = rotated[i];
        }
    }
}

Complexity Analysis:

  • Time Complexity: O(n)

  • Space Complexity: O(n)

方案二:

思路

为了不使用额外的空间,我们可以思考如何在旋转数组的过程中,一方面正确放置单个元素至新位置, 另一方面保证这个新位置的老东家不被覆盖。我们可以尝试一种类似于游击找房的策略:我们从位置0的元素A开始 发现A旋转后的新index为位置k,那么我们将A直接放置到位置k,并把位置k原有的元素B拿出来,继续给B找 其新的index为位置m,将B放到m,再把m位置的C拿出来... 以此类推。这样我们通过特殊的放置顺序避免了 使用额外的空间,如果我们将这个过程进行n次,那么我们就可以完成数组的旋转。

解答

public class Solution {
    public void rotate(int[] nums, int k) {
        k = k % nums.length;
        int count = 0;
        for (int start = 0; count < nums.length; start++) {
            int current = start;
            int prev = nums[start];
            do {
                int next = (current + k) % nums.length;
                int temp = nums[next];
                nums[next] = prev;
                prev = temp;
                current = next;
                count++;
            } while (start != current);
        }
    }
}

Complexity Analysis:

  • Time Complexity: O(n)

  • Space Complexity: O(1)

方案三:

思路

一种更巧妙的方法则需要我们仔细观察旋转前后的数组区别。举例如下,假设我们n=7, k=3:

Original List                   : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
After rotating k positions      : 5 6 7 1 2 3 4

我们发现一个有趣(= =)的现象:旋转后数组的前k个元素为老数组的最后k个元素,新数组的后面(n-k)个 元素为老数组前(n-k)个元素。那有什么办法能够直接交换n和(n-k)两组元素吗?我们可以试图先翻转整个数组,如下

Original List                   : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
After reversing all numbers     : 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

这时候我们会注意到,如果我们再分别翻转前n个元素,以及后(n-k)个元素,我们就能得到想要的结果,如下:

Original List                   : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
After reversing all numbers     : 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
After reversing first k numbers : 5 6 7 4 3 2 1
After revering last n-k numbers : 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 --> Result

解答

public class Solution {
    public void rotate(int[] nums, int k) {
        k %= nums.length;
        reverse(nums, 0, nums.length - 1);
        reverse(nums, 0, k - 1);
        reverse(nums, k, nums.length - 1);
    }
    public void reverse(int[] nums, int start, int end) {
        while (start < end) {
            int temp = nums[start];
            nums[start] = nums[end];
            nums[end] = temp;
            start++;
            end--;
        }
    }
}

Complexity Analysis

  • Time Complexity: O(n)

  • Space Complexity: O(1)

Reference

PreviousLeetcode 438. Find All Anagrams in a StringNextLeetCode 56. Merge Intervals

Last updated 5 years ago

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Leetcode Official Solution
LC189-Example